Unit 4 : Development Through The Life Stages
This unit is about the development through each life stage and I have based my assignment on a black inspirational celebrity Bob Marley. In this unit I will be talking about the life stages Bob Marley goes through and this unit is about understanding the way we change over time. It talks more in depth about the human development and lifestyle factors that may effect a individual. I will also be discussing theories of ageing and the effects of ageing on an individual. How it could affect a individual physically and mentally it can also affect their self esteem and self concept.
CONTENTS:
p1*……………………………………………..
p2*…………………………………………….
p3*………………………………………………
p4*……………………………………………..
p5*……………………………………………..
M1* ……………………………………………..
M2*……………………………………………….
M3*……………………………………………….
Info:
Bob Marley a Reggae singer also known as Bob as a nick name. Famous for his singing, His nationality is Jamaican and his religion is Rastafarian movement. Born on 6th February in 1945. Bob Marley died on 11th of May 1981, In Miami . The cause of his death was caused because of a illness. The illness Bob Marley had was called Malignant melanoma – skin cancer . He had a aggressive form of skin cancer. He was advised treatment from stopping the cancer from spreading. However, Bob Marley did not want to get a cure, a treatment as he thought it will be against his religious.
P1- Describe Physical, intellectual , emotional and social development for each individual.
In this section I will be describing the physical, intellectual , emotional and social development through the life stages of Bob Marley. There are different life stages Bob Marley has gone through which are: Conception, Infancy , Early Childhood , Adolescence , Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Later Adulthood and Death.
Conception:
Bob Marleys life begins with Conception. Conception, also known as fertilisation ,it the fusing sex cells. It first develops into an Embryo which will eventually develop into a baby. Conception takes place when a single egg into the mother,
In the Fallopian tubes this is called ovulation. The sperm cell and egg cell then meets this makes the development of a new cell.
Pregnancy:
Pregnancy is the nine month long process in which a newly embryo will grow and transform into a baby. At one month pregnant Bob Marley was still a Embryo. He then starts to form and develop. He is forming for birth.
Pregnancy is the development of one or more offspring, known as a embryo or foetus. This usually takes 40 weeks after conception is taken place.
These weeks are divided into three trimesters.
Fully developed baby Bob Marley, after 24 weeks , his organs are also fully formed. He now has a face of a new born baby.
Birth:
Bob Marley is born after 9 months as he is ready to be born and his mother is now ready to give birth . When he was born he was put on his mothers chest once born as its skin to skin contact. Skin to skin is a deep attachment between a mother and baby. This is also a way of the two to bond.
Infancy:
This is the first life stage which takes place between the ages of 0 – 2 years old.
Physical development-
In this life stage Bob grew very rapidly, he gradually began to control his muscles in his neck and then his back. He is able to do little things such as crawling and being able to sit. Bob also starts to develop his Fine motor skills and Gross motor skills. Motor skills are actions that involves a baby using his or hers muscles. Fine motor skills are smaller actions and Gross motor skills are larger movements your baby could make with either there arms, legs, feet or his entire body.
An example of Gross motor skills is walking , jumping , skipping and many other things that involve your body. An example of fine motor skills is drawing , colouring and writing.
Intellectual development-
In this stage of development the brain grows and the child is then able to recognise sounds . It could be sounds that a mother makes to there child or a letter in the alphabet like A ….B … C.
Bob is able to recognise certain sounds as the brain is growing.
Emotional development-
They begin to develop some type of emotions, gradual development of emotions for example : happiness , a child can show a form of happiness in the way they act and show themselves. They could be down and rowdy showing a sign of unhappy and sad. Example of happiness is when a child enjoys their bath time.
Social development-
At this age Bob has learned how to play with other children and learn how to share with others. By playing and socialising with other children they will learn new faces.
When Bob is two years old he has learned a lot about how to interact with others which shows that he is able to build friendships.
Early Childhood:
This is the second life stage Bob Marley goes through. At this stage he is between three to eight years old.
Physical development –
During early childhood Bob grew steadily. Bobs ability improved while developing and became more advanced. At the age of three years old he was able to climb up the stairs , run and also jump. When Bob marley was four years old he was able to do many things such as being able to throw large objects such as a ball and kicking a ball.
Intellectual development-
Bob is now able to make little variations of sound and has a increase in vocabulary. As he gets older they will be able to structure there sentences more probably. Bob has the ability to sense objects. For example toys of animals they are slowly able to identify which animal is which.
Emotional development-
Bob experienced a whole range of new feelings that he was trying to express to his parents. He was able to share and cooperate with other children.
Social development-
Bobs social development changed during this life stage as he went from solitary play to parallel play
.
Adolescence:
This is the third stage Bob went through in his life between the ages of nine to eighteen years old.
During this stage of his life, he started to feel as if his sense of self – worth may be influenced by other adolescents rather than his family. .
Physical development – went through puberty such as the penis and testicles grow , pubic hair becomes thicker , under arm starts to grow. This could effect his emotion development as it can cause him to be stressed and his self esteem might depend on the development of his identify.
Emotional development – Bob needed to feel as if he was valued, trusted and accepted by his friends of his age. He felt like nobody understood him so he would often be frustrated and have mood swings which had a impact on his emotional development. Bob started to feel as if his sense of self – worth may be influenced by other adolescents rather than his family
Social development- His social life started to expand as he was making a lot of friends and meeting new people.
Early adulthood:
This is the fourth life stage Bob went through between the ages of nineteen to forty five.
Physical development- Has went through all the stages of puberty. By the time Bob was a adult he reached his physical peak where he no longer grows anymore as he is fully developed.
In adolescence Bobs reproductive organs have fully developed which means he is able to reproduce and have his own children.
Intellectual development- Bob constantly learnt new things his intellectual never stopped but developed more.
Social development – As he was a adult he developed close relationships , bonds and friendships. He had a close relationship, he had a girlfriend and then got married to Alpharita Constantia Anderson. He got married on February 10th in 1966. Bob had 14 children in total.
Later Adulthood:
This is the fifth life stage Bob Marley goes through during his life forty six and more.
In this life stage, Bob carried on with his career. He has been awarded many awards and achievements many things in his career. His social life changed as he was getting older and physical weak and ill due to the fact he had a disease. His emotional needs were fulfilled because he was still carrying on with the most important thing in his life which is career music.
Physical development-
During later adulthood his body started to go into physical decline. His skin began to loose elasticity, his senses started to deteriorate as he was getting older for example his hearing and sight problems started to become problems. Bobs hair started to become gray and his body become weaker.
Intellectual development-
During later adulthood Bobs mind was not stimulated enough and he started to forget things. Between these ages its prone to get diseases , illnesses and memory loss or dementia.He learnt new skills by doing activities that keeps him active such as fishing.
Social development – As a elderly Bob Marley didn’t have much of a social life as most of his friends and family could of passed away.
P2*- Explain the potential effects of the five different life factors on the development of an individual
Bob Marley’s development was affected positively and negatively by a number of life factors. Lifestyle factors that can affect the development of an individual include genetic, biological, environment , socioeconomic factors.
A lifestyle factor that affected Bob marley was his beliefs.
Another lifestyle factor that affects Bob is genes. Bob marley’s mother Cedella marley brooker was a singer she had such a beautiful voice. Bob inherited his mums good voice which had a good impact on his career as a individual. He is the most inspirational artist in all time.
Housing : During his childhood he lived with his grandfather, living comfortably means that he has more of a greater chance of having a bright and good future. Poor housing can cause stress and damage to your physical and mental health and development.
My celebrity lived with his grandfather , his father died when he was the age of 10 years old his dad had abandoned him before that. However this did not effect him as he had a bright future and today is the most influential man in the industry. His mother was only a teenager seventeen years old and his father sixty years old was a plantation overseer. His father died in 1955 because of a heart attack. Bob marley grew up angry with his father as he felt he mistreated him and his mother.
Environment: Jamaican society held very few opportunities for blacks at that time. Bob marley grew up in an environment where violent crime was glorified by many young people as one of the few ways of getting ahead.
P3*- Explain the influence of two predictable and two unpredictable factors of an individual
A life event could be unexpected or expected which can have a impact on a individual whether its positive or negative. For example, a loss of a family member or partner this could lead to a negative impact on an individual because you are mourning because of the loss of someone close to you that you loved and cared for.
Expected Life Events:
An expected life event of Bob Marleys is marriage, to get married to the person he loves and care for. On the 10th of February 1966 in Jamaica he married Rita Anderson.
Another expected life event of Bob Marley is to have children , this has a impact on his life as he is now a role model and he has to look after himself and a child which is a important responsibility. He is now a role model as his children are looking at him as he is now father. He is expecting to go through parenthood. Bob had many children , three with his wife Rita and two from Rita’s previous relationships and several others with different women.
Unexpected Life Events:
An unexpected life event of Bob Marley went through is illness. He did not expect to have a illness and eventually die. Bob marley had a rare disease at the time he had skin cancer called melanoma which was a type of malignant melanoma under the nail of his toe. Marley refused his doctors advice and treatments because of his religious beliefs instead of preventing it from getting worse. Despite his illness, he still carried on his career with his music.
An unexpected life event of Bobs was taking drugs, he was a believer in marijuana he believed the drug was sacred as he was a Rastafarian.
P4 Explain two theories of ageing
In this part of my assignment I am going to describe and compare the two major theories of ageing using at least three examples for each theory. The two theories of ageing that I am going to discuss are disengagement and activity. Relating to the national health and social care book it states that the activity theory ‘is the idea that older people benefit from being as active as possible, by taking part in social events or employments.’ It also states that older adults seem healthier and happier. Individuals that suffer from some kind of illness or disability, they will not be able to take part in social activities because it will be more difficult and painful for them. On the other hand, the disengagement theory has an opposite view on the elderly and how they should live their life.
Activity theory:
The activity theory of aging is the theory that there is a positive relationship between satisfaction and a persons level of activity. 
The persons level of activity actually influences how a person views his or her self. This theory also coincides with the disengagement theory. The disengagement theory is when an elderly person gives up some of their roles in life while still managing a sense of self-worth. This theory was proposed by Henry and Cummings in 1961.
It means that if older people will remain physically and mentally active and maintain social interactions their happiness will increase and this will also prevent them from disengagement.
This theory was made to believe that retiring from work is a good opportunity for older people to engage with the activities that they hadn’t yet experienced. When they reach retirement they will have enough time to travel to places that they would like to visit and spend their money on whatever they like.
Social disengagement:
In 1961, the first theory of ageing was formulated by Cumming and Henry. According to them “aging is an inevitable, mutual withdrawal or disengagement, resulting in decreased interaction between the aging person and others in the social system he belongs to”.
read more at : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disengagement_theory.
Disengagement theory states that as people age, they tend to withdraw from society and society withdraws from them. As people age, they tend to grow more fragile and their social circles shrink as they start to pull away and are less actively involved in most activities. A lot of people point out that often this disengagement is 
enforced, rather than voluntary
Reference:
The disengagement theory of aging states that “aging is an inevitable, mutual withdrawal or disengagement, resulting in decreased interaction between the aging person and others in the social system he belongs to”. The theory claims that it is natural and acceptable for older adults to withdraw from society.
The disengagement theory was advanced in “Growing Old,” a book published in 1961 by Elaine Cumming and William Henry. It holds that society benefits from the disengagement of the elderly by avoiding disruption when important members pass away suddenly and by permitting younger individuals to take over the jobs vacated by the elderly.
Other theories have been advanced, however, that contradict the disengagement theory. These include the activity theory and the continuity theory, both of which assert that society values seniors who remain a viable part of society until they pass. As of April 2014, these latter theories are more accepted than the disengagement theory.
The disengagement theory holds that within societies, the elderly gradually go through a period of adjustment in which they discontinue public roles and withdraw from social connections
M2 Discuss two major theories of ageing in relation the development of the individual
P5 & M3
Explain the physical and psychological changes which may be associated with ageing and discuss the effects on self esteem and self confidence of the physical changes associated with ageing.
In this assignment I will be explaining the physical and psychological changes that are associated with ageing and I will also be discussing the effects that it may have on Bob Marley’s self esteem and self confidence because of him ageing.
As Bob got older he started to experience physical things that were changing gradually such as his skin, bones , joints and also his muscles.His skin became thinner which means it was more wrinkled and there was less elasticity in his skin.When he was around the age of sixty years old his bones also started to become weaker and more likely to fracture himself or even have a serious injury accident.
Over time Bob Marley’s ear started to change which meant his hearing started to decline his hearing became really bad because he wasn’t able to hear as much as he used to now that he is in the life stage later adulthood. Bobs eye sight started to deteriorate so he then started to wear glasses as his sight was no good at this stage.
Another problem that Bob faced was having breathing problems his heart wasn’t bumping as much it should be.
A physical change Bob Marley is that he was more immune to any illness and is health was getting more of a concern. Arthritis is a common condition illness that a elderly person often gets where there is pain and inflammation in a joint.
A physical change Bob Marley went through is a change in his appearance he looked older he developed grey hair and his hair began to go thinner.These changes affected him emotionally as it effected him in a negative way which made him depressed of how he looked knowing the fact that he is getting older. Bobs self esteem and self confidence was lowered as he did not feel good looking and he wasn’t comfortable with his appearance.
Bob Marley developed a life threatening condition called malignant melanoma which is a certain type of skin cancer found under his toe. Even though Bob marley had a serious medical condition it did not stop him from doing what he loved which was music.
Ageism did not really affect Bob Marley as he was not stereotyped as a useless person and unable to cope because he was able to still do things he enjoyed and his career.
Psychological change that may be associated with ageing is mood swings meaning mood could vary and change on a regular basis.This could make him feel happy one minute and sad the next and confused. His thoughts and mind begin to change over time.
Some psychological changes that are associated with ageing is his personality, his memory and social development. During later adulthood the last stage of ageing, he is most likely to experience a memory loss as it may take longer for him to recall things. This might cause him to be frustrated because it is becoming a concern. Loss of memory can cause him to be not included with society and others.
In conclusion, I have concluded both P5 and M3 together. I have discussed many different physical changes which effected Bob Marley as a elderly ageing.I have included physical changes which effects his self confidence and self esteem. I also included a physical change such as a illness and appearance changing.
Health and social care - Unit 4 : Development through life stages 